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1.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 51(1)feb. 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550806

ABSTRACT

Los cereales integrales son una categoría de alimentos fundamental para la dieta humana y representan una fuente invaluable de carbohidratos, proteínas, fibras, fitoquímicos, minerales y vitaminas. Muchos estudios han demostrado que el consumo de cereales integrales está relacionado con un menor riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Sin embargo, varios de sus efectos positivos para la salud parecen desaparecer cuando se refinan los cereales. La pregunta de investigación es cuál sería el efecto de los cereales integrales en la prevención de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Este artículo describe los efectos positivos del consumo de cereales integrales en la prevención de estas enfermedades. Para ello, se realiza una descripción narrativa que revisa los antecedentes disponibles sobre: a) situación epidemiológica en Chile y su relación con la alimentación; b) consumo de cereales integrales en el mundo y en Chile; y c) el efecto del consumo de cereales integrales en la reducción del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. obesidad, diabetes tipo 2 y cáncer. Los antecedentes generales son muy alentadores sobre el efecto positivo del consumo de cereales integrales sobre determinadas enfermedades, especialmente las de origen metabólico. Sin embargo, la incertidumbre de algunas asociaciones negativas merece mayor atención.


Whole grains are a fundamental food category for the human diet and represent an invaluable source of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, phytochemicals, minerals and vitamins. Many studies have shown that consumption of whole grains is linked to a lower risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. However, several of its positive health effects seem to disappear when grains are refined. The research question is what would be the effect of whole grains in the prevention of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases. This article describes the positive effects of whole grain consumption in these diseases.To this end, a narrative description is made that reviews the available background on: a) epidemiological situation in Chile and its relationship with diet; b) consumption of whole grains in the world and in Chile; and c) the effect of whole grain consumption on reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. The general background is very encouraging for a positive effect of whole grain consumption on certain diseases, especially those of metabolic origin. However, the uncertainty of some negative associations deserves further attention.

2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 151(1): 42-51, feb. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515420

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Intersectoral health promotion initiatives in Chile to address obesity and non- communicable diseases have had a long history in Chile, but also a high degree of changes in their design, implementation, and financing. AIM: To analyze the "Choose a Healthy Lifestyle" enacted by Law 20,670 under Sabatier's "Advocacy Coalition Framework" (ACF), addressing the political discussion and its execution in the subsequent governing coalitions (2011-2022). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The ACF components are the following: external events, coalitions, policy subsystem (health promotion), and policy brokers. Policy change and learning occurs when a certain level of conflict exists between coalitions. We carried out a bibliographic and literature review, including history of the Law and notes in the media. RESULTS: We identified two coalitions. The first is pro-individual freedom and aims to solve the problem with education and health promotion. The second one defines the problem as structural and related to social determinants and health inequity. The first coalition launched the "Choose Healthy Liferstyle" program in 2011 when they were in executive power. After criticism from the opposition and the participation of policy brokers, the Program was institutionalized with an intersectoral vision. The lack of permanent financing affected the continuity of the policy, especially after a change in the governing coalition. CONCLUSIONS: Law 20,670 falls within the ACF. However, policy learning slowed down because the problem involved social aspects, conflict between deep beliefs of both coalitions, and lack of permanent funding, thus affecting the continuity of the policy.


ANECEDENTES: Las iniciativas intersectoriales de promoción de salud en Chile han tenido una larga historia en el país, pero también un alto grado de cambios en su diseño, implementación y financiamiento. OBJETIVOS: Analizar el "Sistema Elige Vivir Sano" (Ley 20.670) bajo el marco de "Coaliciones de Causa" (ACF), abordando la discusión política y su ejecución durante cambios de coaliciones gobernantes (2011-2022). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Los componentes de ACF incluyen eventos externos, coaliciones, subsistema de políticas (promoción de salud) e intermediarios de políticas. El cambio y aprendizaje de políticas ocurre cuando existe cierto nivel de conflicto entre coaliciones. Realizamos una revisión de literatura, incluyendo historia de la Ley y notas en los medios de comunicación. RESULTADOS: Identificamos dos coaliciones. La primera es pro-libertad individual y pretende resolver el problema con educación y promoción de la salud. La segunda es pro-determinantes sociales y define el problema como estructural. La primera coalición lanzó el programa "Elige Vivir Sano" en 2011 cuando estaban en el poder ejecutivo. Luego de las críticas de la oposición y la participación de intermediarios de políticas, el Programa se institucionalizó con una visión intersectorial. La falta de financiamiento permanente afecta la continuidad de la política, especialmente luego de un cambio en la coalición gobernante. CONCLUSIONES: La Ley 20.670 se enmarca dentro de la ACF. Sin embargo, el aprendizaje de políticas se ralentizó porque el problema involucra aspectos sociales, conflicto entre creencias profundas de ambas coaliciones y falta de financiamiento permanente, afectando la continuidad de la política.


Subject(s)
Humans , Healthy Lifestyle , Health Policy , Health Promotion , Chile , Learning
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(8): 1164-1172, ago. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389580

ABSTRACT

Background: A massive open online course (MOOC) is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the Web. Aim: To assess the MOOC experience for teaching nutrition, healthy food consumption, physical activity and health promotion to prevent obesity. Material and Methods: Two MOOC courses, (one with two versions), are described with the registration and evaluation instruments such as surveys carried out at the beginning and at the end of the courses. Effective participants in the three versions were 17.456, 11.121 in MOOC1, 2.351 in MOOC1 second version and 3.984 in MOOC2. Their median age was 31 years, 82% were women, 60% were professionals and 12% were foreigners. Results: In the final evaluation of the three courses, 85% to 99% qualified as "very good" or "good" all the surveyed topics. Thirty five percent of participants reported having lack of time, 11% reported problems with internet connectivity and 3.9%, personal or work problems. Conclusions: This is the first experience with MOOC in health and nutrition to prevent obesity in Chile. Considering the good results and positive evaluation of these courses, we estimate that they are an important tool to prevent obesity and chronic diseases in Chile, Latin America and other regions of the world.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Computer-Assisted Instruction/methods , Education, Distance/methods , Nutritional Status , Surveys and Questionnaires , Obesity/prevention & control
6.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 48(1)feb. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388456
7.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 47(6)dic. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388452

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El objetivo fue evaluar una intervención educativa en hábitos de alimentación saludable basada en el programa Colación BKN en pre-escolares y escolares entre los años 2013-2018. Diseño longitudinal con comparación de cortes trasversales en escolares de prekínder a cuarto año básico durante 4 años en 14 escuelas de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. El programa consistió en entrega de fruta como colación, educación alimentaria, mejora de la actividad física y kioscos escolares, con participación de profesores y familias. Como resultado se observó una mejoría de los conocimientos en alimentación saludable de los niños, con una excelente satisfacción de usuarios. Sobrepeso y obesidad se mantuvieron el 2016 y 2018, pero aumentaron el 2015 y 2017. En escuelas similares no intervenidas el exceso de peso fue mayor con respecto a las del programa. Hubo una tendencia a disminuir el consumo de dulces y bebidas azucaradas en prekínder y kínder entre 2014 y 2017 y el consumo de 3 porciones al día de frutas y verduras en niños intervenidos fue superior al promedio nacional de 2 porciones al día.Conclusiones: Hubo un aumento exitoso en el consumo de frutas y verduras, educación alimentaria y actividad física para el cambio hacia hábitos más saludables.


ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate an educational intervention for healthy eating habits based on the Colación BKN program, among preschool and schoolchildren, carried out in 2013-2018. We conducted a longitudinal study with cross-sectional data among preschool and school-age children (up to the fourth grade) over four years in 14 schools in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. The intervention program consisted of fruit delivery, nutrition education and improvements in physical activity and school food kiosks, with active participation of teachers and parents. There was an improvement in knowledge of healthy foods in children and excellent user satisfaction. Overweight and obesity did not increase during 2016 and 2018, but increased in 2015 and 2017. In similar not-intervened schools there was an increase of overweight and obesity compared with Colación BKN schools. For food consumption, there was a decrease in consumption of candy and soft drinks in preschool students and all children consumed more than three portions of fruits and vegetables per day, which is greater than the national average of two portions per day in the general population. Conclusions: There was a successful increase in fruit and vegetable consumption with nutrition education and promotion of healthy habits, such as physical activity and healthy food consumption.

8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(9): 1114-1121, set. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058653

ABSTRACT

Background: An explosive increase in overweight and obesity occurred in Chile since the 90's, without an integrative national policy. Aim: To describe the current obesity situation in Chile and its consequences. Material and Methods: Analysis of the available anthropometric data obtained by an annual census of anthropometry for students (Nutritional Map) collected by the Ministry of Education, and three National Health Surveys (2003, 2009-2010 y 2016-2017) performed by the Ministry of Health in adults. Results: According to the Nutritional Map the prevalence of obesity in 1987 was 7.5% among children of six years of age and increased to 24% in 2018 (8% with severe obesity). At 14 years of age, the frequency of obesity increased from 8 to 15% from 2011 to 2018. In children older than 15 years, overweight and obesity increased from 61 to 74% from 2003 to 2016. In the same period, total obesity increased from 23 to 34% and the frequency of diabetes duplicated from 6 to 12%. The frequency of hypertension did not change, but its prevalence is 45 and 73% after 45 and 65 years of age, respectively. Conclusions: The frequency of obesity will continue to increase, producing severe health risks for the population. Public policies addressing both structural and individual aspects are recommended.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adult , Obesity, Morbid , Obesity/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Anthropometry , Overweight/epidemiology
9.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 67(2): 138-144, jun. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1022320

ABSTRACT

El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa nutricional en un entorno laboral. Para ello se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental, longitudinal, con una intervención educacional de cuatro meses de duración. Participaron 90 trabajadores, 44 mujeres y 46 hombres, edad promedio 29,3 ± 5,4 años, de una empresa de telefonía celular de Asunción-Paraguay. Se efectuaron encuestas de datos clínicos, hábitos alimentarios, actividad física y mediciones antropométricas al inicio y final de la intervención. Para hábitos alimentarios se utilizaron el cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo cuantificado y el registro de consumo alimentario de una semana, ambos previamente validados y utilizados en otras investigaciones. La actividad física se estimó con el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física IPAQ que divide a la misma en tres categorías (baja, moderada y alta). La antropometría incluyó peso, talla, IMC y circunferencia de cintura. La educación nutricional consistió en consultas de consejería individual, concurso para bajar de peso, acciones colectivas de apoyo e intervenciones del entorno del lugar de trabajo. La ingesta de frutas y verduras fue significativamente mayor (p<0,001 y p=0,001); el consumo de pan disminuyó en un 56% (p=0,001); mejoró el estado nutricional (p<0,001) y disminuyó la circunferencia de cintura (p<0,001) al final del estudio. Los niveles de actividad física moderado y alto aumentaron de 43,4% a 59%. Esta intervención integral en el lugar de trabajo, con un concurso para bajar de peso, mejoró el estado nutricional e impactó positivamente en el estilo de vida de los empleados(AU)


The objective is to evaluate a nutrition educational intervention in a work place. This is a quasi-experimental and four- month longitudinal study in 90 participants (44 women and 46 men), average age 29.3 ± 5.4 years, from a telephone company in Asunción, Paraguay. Anthropometry, nutritional assessment and physical activity evaluation were carried out at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. For food habits, a food frequency questionnaire and one-week food consumption registration system were applied, both validated and used previously in other studies. The level of physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) which divides physical intensity in three levels (low, moderate and high). Anthropometry included weight, height and waist circumference. Nutrition education consisted in individual lifestyle counseling, a contest to lose weight, collective support actions and environmental intervention at the work place. A significant increase of intakes of fruits and vegetables (p<0.001 y p= 0.001 respectively); a 56% reduction in bread consumption (p= 0.001); significantly (p<0.001) improvement of nutritional status, and waist circumference reduction (p<0.001) were observed al the end of the study. High and moderate physical activity improved from 43.4% to 59%. This integral nutrition intervention at the work place with a weight loss contest improved the nutritional status and had a positive impact in the workers life styles(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Nutritive Value , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Food Planning , Motor Activity
10.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 144(2): 194-201, feb. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-779487

ABSTRACT

Background: Unhealthy lifestyles and overweight are common among blue collar workers. Aim: To evaluate a nutrition education intervention in construction workers to prevent chronic diseases. Material and Methods: One hundred forty two participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 69) and or a control group (n = 73). The experimental group received nutrition education consisting in individual lifestyle counseling, group workshop, group counseling in healthy lifestyles, and environmental intervention. At baseline and after one year of intervention, clinical evaluations consisting in laboratory determinations, anthropometry and nutritional assessment evaluation were carried out. Results: The experimental group experienced a significant decrease in waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and an increase in HDL cholesterol. A significant reduction in total calorie intake, especially at the evening snack was observed during week-days. The same reduction in total calories occurred at dinner during the week-end. A significant increase was observed in the consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish. In the control group there was a significant increase in weight, waist circumference, body mass index, glucose and insulin, without changes in total calorie intake or healthy food consumption. High soft drink consumption did not change in both groups. Conclusions: In construction workers, integral nutrition intervention at the individual, group and environmental level had an impact in nutritional and biochemical indicators.


Subject(s)
Humans , Energy Intake , Construction Industry , Health Education/methods , Chronic Disease/prevention & control , Life Style , Urban Population , Blood Glucose/analysis , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Nutrition Assessment , Chile , Cholesterol/blood , Nutritional Status , Longitudinal Studies , Waist Circumference , Insulin/blood
11.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 64(3): 182-191, sep. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-752697

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de un programa de intervención con metodologías educativas innovadoras en alimentación y nutrición en profesores y alumnos de prebásica y básica, para lograr una mejoría en sus conocimientos, ingesta alimentaria y estado nutricional. Se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental en que se evaluó conocimiento, consumo alimentario y estado nutricional al inicio y término de la intervención educativa. La muestra quedó constituida por 25 profesores y 465 alumnos de Los Andes y 352 estudiantes controles de San Felipe. La intervención consistió en 9 sesiones educativas para los profesores en temas de alimentación saludable durante 5 meses, con transferencia de conocimientos a sus alumnos. Hubo una mejoría significativa en conocimiento y una disminución en el consumo de alimentos poco saludables en los alumnos de los profesores que recibieron la capacitación, con respecto al grupo control, sin cambios significativos en el estado nutricional de ambos grupos. En conclusión, la intervención en los profesores mejoró el conocimiento e ingesta de alimentos saludables en sus alumnos, sin modificar el estado nutricional por su corta duración. Si esta estrategia se mantiene en el tiempo y se incorpora al currículo escolar, puede lograr resultados en el largo plazo, incorporando a los padres en esta tarea.


The objective of the study was to assess the impact of a nutrition education program for teachers to improve food knowledge, food consumption and the nutritional status of their pre basic and basic students. A quasi-experimental study was carried out, with a pre-post evaluation of food knowledge, food consumption and nutritional status. The sample was 25 teachers and 465 students in Los Andes, with 352 students as control group in San Felipe. The nutrition intervention consisted in 9 interactive workshops for teachers during 5 months, transferring the information to the students. In the experimental group there was a significant improvement in food knowledge and a decrease in non-healthy food consumption in students, compared with the control group, without changes in nutritional status. In conclusion, the intervention in teachers improved food knowledge and healthy food consumption in students. As a consequence of the short period of intervention, the nutritional status did not change. If these strategies are maintained over time and incorporated to the school curricula could achieve more significant results, in particular if parents are incorporated in school nutrition education programs.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Feeding Behavior , Health Education , Health Promotion , School Health Services , Schools , Chile , Faculty , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Program Evaluation , Students
12.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 142(7): 833-840, jul. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-726174

ABSTRACT

Background: The less affluent and educated members of the society tend to be less prone to healthy lifestyles. Aim: To describe feeding habits, nutrition, quality of life and working conditions of construction workers comparing two recent surveys, namely the 2009 Chilean National Health Survey (NHS) and the 2010 Work, Employment and Health Survey (WEH). Material and Methods: One hundred ninety male workers aged 43 ± 13 years were surveyed about feeding habits during working days and weekends, smoking and usual physical activity. Weight, height and blood pressure were also measured. Results: In 2010, 82% of workers were overweight or obese compared with 67% rates in the NHS of 2009. The rate of sedentariness was 86% compared with 84% in the NHS of 2009 and 93% in the WEH 2010. Forty one percent smoked and those aged less than 25 years consumed more calories than the other age groups. There was a high intake of carbonated beverages, bread, salted and red meats and a low consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes and fish. Seventy seven percent had a meal at midafternoon and only 25% ate supper. Lunch had a fixed schedule, was considered good and usually was prepared by a family member. The level of satisfaction with work, family life and life in general was high. The satisfaction with health and physical condition was lower. Conclusions: The unhealthy lifestyles of these construction workers should alert health authorities.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Construction Industry , Feeding Behavior , Life Style , Nutritional Status , Obesity/epidemiology , Blood Pressure , Body Mass Index , Chile/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Educational Status , Energy Intake , Feeding Behavior , Smoking/epidemiology
13.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 142(2): 184-192, feb. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-710986

ABSTRACT

Background: Health promotion in Chile is essential, considering its current epidemiologic status where chronic diseases are predominant. Aim: To report the evaluation of an on-line Diploma in health promotion for Primary Health Care professionals. Material and Methods: Two hundred sixty four professionals from all regions of the country (40% rural and 60% urban) took the Diploma. It lasted 8 months with 248 academic hours distributed in 5 modules with a total of 15 units. The program was evaluated with four surveys answered by the students (general description of participants, mid-term, final and follow-up). Results: Students were highly satisfied with the program and especially with its interactive methodology which included tutorials, individual and group assignments, online discussions and a final project. The drawbacks were time restrictions and limited internet access. Ninety percent of students completed the course with an overall mean grade of 5.57 (out of a 1-7 scale). The follow-up survey showed that students implemented the new health promotion knowledge acquired, and put in practice their final assignment in their local counties. Also, most students improved their working conditions. Conclusions: The on-line interactive and participative methodology applied in this Diploma had positive results and the evaluation model can be applied in other health promotion on-line education programs.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Education, Distance/standards , Health Promotion , Inservice Training/standards , Primary Health Care , Chile , Education, Distance/methods , Inservice Training/methods , Internet , Program Evaluation , Surveys and Questionnaires
14.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 63(1): 37-45, Mar. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-740221

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa sobre el consumo de frutas, verduras y pescado en familias de niños preescolares y escolares mediante una intervención de tres meses y una evaluación antes y después, en 27 familias intervenidas y 32 controles, de colegios municipales de una comuna de Santiago, Chile. Al inicio y final de la intervención se aplicó a cada niño y su padre una encuesta de frecuencia de consumo de frutas, verduras y pescado y de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de alimentación familiar. La intervención consistió en seis talleres de cocina de 90 minutos cada uno para los encargados de la preparación de alimentos en el hogar, utilizando además video y fotografía participativa. Los resultados mostraron un mayor consumo de frutas, verduras y pescado en el grupo intervenido (test de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, test de Wilcoxon, p<0,05). Al comparar el consumo pre-post por grupo, las diferencias resultaron significativas para el intervenido en todos los casos (test de Wilcoxon para muestras pareadas, p<0,05). En los padres, el consumo de frutas aumentó en 135,8 g, el de verduras en 19,5 g y el de pescado en 10,2 g diarios. En los niños, las frutas aumentaron 92,1 g, las verduras 65,9 g y el pescado 5,2 g al día. Todas las familias intervenidas (n=22) incorporaron algún cambio significativo en la alimentación saludable de su hogar. Los resultados muestran que es posible realizar cambios en los hábitos alimentarios de las familias, con la implementación de una intervención educativa que incluya talleres de cocina y materiales audiovisuales.


The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a nutrition education intervention on fruits, vegetables and fish consumption in pre-school and school age children families, through a three months education intervention with a pre-post evaluation in 27 intervened families and 32 controls from public schools in Santiago, Chile. A food-frequency questionnaire on fruits, vegetables and fish, and a survey on food and nutrition knowledge, attitudes and practices were applied to children and their parents. The intervention consisted in six 90 minutes cooking workshops, including the utilization of videos and photovoice for those who cooked in the families. Results showed a significant more consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish in the intervened than in the control group (test de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, test de Wilcoxon, p<0,05). Comparing pre-post consumption by group, significance differences were for the intervened group in all cases. (test de Wilcoxon for paired samples, p<0,05). In parents, fruit consumption increased 135.8 g, vegetables 19.5 g, and fish 10,2 g per day. In children, the increase in fruits was 92.1 g, vegetables 65.9, and fish 5.2 g per day. All the intervened families (n=22) introduced a significant healthy food improvement at home. Results showed that it is possible to change food habits in families with the implementation of a nutrition education intervention including cooking workshops, videos and photovoice.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Diet Surveys , Feeding Behavior , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Education/methods , Health Promotion/methods , Chile , Fishes , Fruit , Nutrition Assessment , Parents , Socioeconomic Factors , Vegetables
15.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 62(3): 275-282, Sept. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-710632

ABSTRACT

Se describe la consulta a expertos mediante la técnica Delphi para consensuar su opinión sobre contenidos del material educativo en alimentación saludable para profesores, alumnos de prebásica, básica y sus familias. El cuestionario se elaboró con los resultados de encuestas y grupos focales con niños, padres y profesores realizados previamente. Este cuestionario fue enviado a 54 expertos en nutrición, educación y comunicación en una primera ronda, cuyos resultados fueron analizados y reenviados en una segunda ronda con las preguntas donde no había consenso. El ciclo se completó con una validación realizada con padres y profesores sobre los principales tópicos consensuados en las dos rondas con los expertos. Los principales consensos fueron priorizar los materiales educativos audiovisuales por sobre los escritos y privilegiar actividades participativas (talleres de cocina, juegos, actividades) por sobre las pasivas (información en reuniones de padres, entrega de material educativo y conferencias de expertos). Existió consenso en educar en conductas saludables, como no dar dinero a los niños para que lleven a la escuela; escoger comida saludable en las salidas familiares y asociar actividades recreativas con alimentación saludable durante fines de semana; preferir la comida saludable preparada en casa en vez de la comida procesada; restringir las golosinas y comer fuera de hora; comer en familia sin ver TV y preferir comida en vez de tomar té o merienda en la noche. Estos resultados son fundamentales para diseñar materiales educativos en alimentación saludable tendientes a cambiar los malos hábitos alimentarios actuales, que contribuyen en forma importante a aumentar el problema de la obesidad infantil.


Delphi method to identify education material on healthy food for teachers, school-age children and their parents. Delphi method applied to get expert consensus about healthy food topics to include in educational materials for preschool and school-age children, their parents and teachers is described. The questionnaire was developed with the results of surveys and focus groups in children, parents and teachers made previously. The questionnaire was mailed to 54 experts in nutrition, education and communication in a first round. The results were analyzed and forwarded in a second round with the subjects without consensus. The cycle was completed by a validation conducted with teachers and parents and were prioritized by audiovisual educational materials on the writings, favoring participatory activities such as cooking workshops, games, activities over the passive (information at parent meetings, delivery of educational materials and conferences of experts). There was consensus on education in health behaviors such as not giving them money to carry to school, make healthy food choices on family outings and recreational activities associated with healthy eating during weekends; prefer healthy food prepared at home instead of the processed food; restrict eating out candy and prefer family meals without watching TV and food instead of taking a snack in the evening. These results are critical to design educational materials on healthy eating plans to change current eating habits that are contributing significantly to increase the childhood obesity.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Delphi Technique , Whole Foods/analysis , Health Promotion/standards , Nutrition Policy , Obesity/prevention & control , Faculty , Focus Groups , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Promotion/methods , Parents , Qualitative Research , Students
16.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 62(1): 60-67, mar. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-716438

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar una intervención en educación nutricional y actividad física para prevenir obesidad en escolares chilenos, mediante seguimiento longitudinal de tres años. La muestra incluyó 597 niños de 4 a 7 años asistentes a 7 escuelas públicas de una comuna de bajo nivel socioeconómico de Santiago. Los principales aspectos de la intervención fueron: capacitación de profesores para que apliquen un programa de educación nutricional, aumento de las clases de educación física de 3 a 4 sesiones semanales y mejoría de su calidad. Se midió: Peso (P), Talla (T), circunferencia de cintura (CC) y test de caminata de 6 minutos (TM6). Se calculó IMC, Z IMC, % de escolares normales (N), sobrepeso (SP) y obesos (OB), CC > percentil 90 (NHANES III) y condición física (T6M/talla). Se evaluaron los cambios anuales de Z IMC, CC, TM6 y TM6/talla usando el test de repeticiones de ANOVA y el test de proporciones. Se evaluaron cambios en conocimientos sobre alimentación saludable en 2 de los 3 años. Los resultados mostraron que el porcentaje de obesidad (17%) no cambió los primeros dos años, sin embargo aumentó el tercer año a un 19,3%; Z IMC aumentó de 0,3 a 0,38 (p=0,052) en los N, sin cambio en SP y disminuyendo significativamente en los OB (2,73 a 2,41 p<0,0001). % CC >percentil 90 disminuyó en los SP y OB. El incremento en el TM6 fue mayor en los N. La condición física mejoró en todos los niños, pero fue significativo sólo en los N (p=0,0002). Hubo un aumento significativo en los conocimientos alimentarios. Se concluye que a pesar de una disminución en el Z IMC de los OB y una mejoría en la condición física de los N y de los conocimientos en todos los escolares, la obesidad aumentó al tercer año. Este estudio muestra que a nivel escolar es necesario implementar intervenciones más intensas y con otro tipo de metodologías, para impedir que la obesidad infantil continúe aumentando.


Evaluation of an obesity prevention intervention which includednutrition education and physical activity applied in public schools of Santiago, Chile . The main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an obesity prevention intervention which included nutrition education and physical activity applied to low income Chilean children in a longitudinal three-year follow-up study. Participants included all 4-7 year old children from 7 public schools located in a low socioeconomic district of Santiago. The main aspects of the intervention were: training of teachers so they could apply an educational program on healthy eating, increase in physical education classes from 3 to 4 per week, and improvement of their quality. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) were assessed yearly in 597 children. We calculated BMI, BMI Z, % normal (N), overweight (OW) and obesity (OB), WC > 90th percentile (NHANES III) and fitness (6MWD/ height). Annual changes in BMI Z, WC, 6MWD and fitness were assessed, using repeated measures ANOVA and the test of proportions. Knowledge in healthy eating was assessed during 2 of the 3 years. Results showed that % OB remained unchanged for 2 years (17%) but increased to 19.3 % at follow-up. BMI Z increased from 0.3 to 0.38 (p= 0.052) in the N, remained unchanged in the OW, while decreasing significantly in the OB (2.73 to 2.41 p< 0.0001). % WC > 90 th percentile decreased in the OW and OB; 6 MWD was higher in the OW, but the increase in distance overtime was greater among the N. Overall fitness improved, however it was only significant among the N (p= 0.0002). There was a significant increase in food knowledge. We conclude that in spite of a decrease in BMI Z of the OB, an improvement in fitness in the N and food knowledge in all the children, obesity increased at follow- up. This study shows that in school-based obesity programs it is necessary to apply more intense interventions with another type of methodology; otherwise this condition will continue to rise.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Health Promotion/methods , Obesity/prevention & control , Physical Education and Training , School Health Services , Body Mass Index , Chile , Longitudinal Studies , Program Evaluation , Socioeconomic Factors
17.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 61(4): 406-413, dic. 2011. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-702749

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar un programa de intervención en educación nutricional y actividad física para disminuir la obesidad, cambiar hábitos alimentarios y aumentar la actividad física en mujeres de nivel socioeconómico bajo. Para ello se seleccionaron cuatro grupos seguidos por seis meses: uno intervenido en educación nutricional y actividad física (grupo A); otro con educación nutricional (grupo B); un tercero con actividad física (grupo C), y un grupo control. Se realizaron tres talleres de alimentación por líderes de la comunidad y nutricionistas, y tres sesiones semanales de actividad física. Se efectuaron evaluaciones antropométricas y encuestas de compra, consumo de alimentos y actividad física, antes y después de la intervención. En el grupo A se incrementó la obesidad, pero en los otros dos grupos intervenidos (B y C), bajó en un 10% y en el grupo B disminuyó la grasa corporal total. En el grupo control se mantuvo el porcentaje de obesidad y aumentó la grasa corporal total. La adherencia a sesiones de actividad física fue baja, lo que repercutió en los resultados de evaluación nutricional en los dos grupos intervenidos con actividad física (B y C). Los tres grupos intervenidos tuvieron cambios saludables en sus hábitos de compra y consumo de alimentos. Se concluye que la obesidad bajó en un 10% en los grupos intervenidos B y C, y en el B disminuyó la grasa corporal total. En los tres grupos intervenidos mejoraron los hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física. Los resultados permiten contar con un programa de intervención comunitaria en educación nutricional y actividad física para mujeres de nivel socioeconómico bajo.


Evaluation of a nutrition education and physical activity intervention in Chilean low socioeconomic women The objective of the study was to assess a nutrition education and physical activity intervention to decrease obesity changing food habits and increasing physical activity in low socioeconomic women. Four groups were selected and followed-up during six months: one was intervened with food education and physical activity (group A); another with food education (group B); a third with physical activity (group C), and a control group. Three nutrition education workshops were carried out with community leaders and nutritionists, and three times per week physical activity sessions were performed. Anthropometric measurements and food and physical activity surveys were carried out before and after the intervention. Obesity increased in group A, but decreased 10% in the other two intervened groups (B and C), and total fatty mass decreased in group B. In the control group, obesity did not change but total fatty mass increased. Attendance to physical activity sessions was poor, with negative results in the nutritional impact in the physical activity intervened groups (B and C). We conclude that obesity was reduced in 10% in groups B and C; total fatty mass was reduced in group B and increased in the control group. Healthy diet and physical activity habits improved in the three intervened groups. With these results, an intervention program in nutrition education and physical activity can be available for future community interventions in low socioeconomic women.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Exercise/physiology , Feeding Behavior , Obesity/therapy , Body Mass Index , Chile , Energy Intake , Health Education/methods , Longitudinal Studies , Program Evaluation , Socioeconomic Factors
18.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 61(4): 423-428, dic. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-702751

ABSTRACT

Se desarrolló un snack de manzana con el fin de introducir el consumo de alimentos derivados de frutas para disminuir la obesidad en escolares de Santiago de Chile. Se deshidrataron rodelas de manzanas, con la piel incluida, de variedad Fuji a 60ºC por 4 horas obteniendo un producto con 4,6 g/100 g de humedad y actividad de agua (Aw) de 0,56 . El snack de manzanas presentó 24,8 ± 0,3 g/100 g b.s. de fibra dietética y 550,16 ± 5,89 mgGAE/100 g b.s. de polifenoles lo que lo convierte en un alimento saludable, presenta además alta capacidad antioxidante medida por FRAP, con 0,59 mmolFe/100g . El análisis sensorial realizado en escolares de 8 y 12 años indica que el producto presenta alta aceptabilidad, es un producto crocante, de textura crujiente, con sabor agridulce, por lo que se constituye en una alternativa para colaciones escolares.


An apple snack has been developed with the purpose of introducing foods derived from fruit to reduce obesity in school children of Santiago, Chile. Apple slices of the ‘Fuji’ variety were dehydrated, with skin included, at 60°C for 4 h obtaining a product with 4.6 g/100 g of humidity and water activity (Aw) of 0.56. The apple snack presented 24.8 ± 0.3 g/100 g b.s. of dietary fiber and 550.16 ± 5.89 mgGAE/100 g b.s of polyphenols which converts into a healthy food, it also presents high antioxidant capacity measured by FRAP, with 0.59 mmolFe/100g. The sensory analysis done in school children between the ages of 8 and 12 years old indicates that the product presents high acceptability, is a crispy product, of a crunchy texture, with bittersweet flavor, so it is an alternative for school snacks.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Consumer Behavior , Malus , Nutritive Value , Snacks , Taste , Antioxidants/analysis , Chile , Dietary Fiber/analysis , Food Services , Malus/chemistry , Malus/microbiology , Polyphenols/analysis , Schools
19.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 61(3): 302-307, sep. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-698155

ABSTRACT

En las escuelas públicas de Chile existe un kiosco que vende una gran cantidad de alimentos altos en calorías. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las barreras que los niños tienen para comprar alimentos saludables y evaluar el cambio en el patrón de compra durante el año escolar al implementar un “Espacio Saludable" que incluía un kiosco (que ofertaba alimentos saludables), juegos, mesas y sillas. El personal del kiosco fue capacitado y se generaron estrategias de marketing para promocionar el consumo de alimentos. Se seleccionó una escuela control y una intervenida donde se aplicó una encuesta para determinar la compra de alimentos a niños de 9 a 12 años de edad al inicio del estudio y durante el seguimiento. El número total de escolares fue de 477 (291 de la intervención y 115 de la escuela de control). No hubo diferencias significativas en la cantidad de dinero disponible para comprar alimentos entre los niños de ambas escuelas. Las barreras identificadas para la compra de alimentos sanos fueron el aroma, sabor, baja disponibilidad y alto precio. Hubo un aumento significativo en la compra de frutas, leche, yogur, refrescos y jugos light, frutos secos, sándwiches saludables y helados sin grasa (p <0,05) de los escolares de la escuela intervenida. En la escuela control, no se observaron cambios en el consumo. El aumento en la oferta de alimentos saludables, junto a las estrategias de marketing, aumentan significativamente el consumo de estos alimentos en la población escolar.


In Chilean school there is a kiosk that sells a large number of high-calorie products. The aim of this study was to determine the barriers that children have for buying healthy food and evaluate changes in the pattern of food purchases during a school year at a school where a "Healthy Space" was created. We designed implemented and assessed changes in food purchases by developing a “Healthy Space” which included a kiosk that incorporated a range of healthy food at affordable prices. The staff in charge of the kiosk was trained and we generate communication and marketing strategies to promote the consumption of healthy food. A validated survey to determine food purchases was applied to 9-12 year-old children from both schools at baseline and follow up 8 months later. The total number of schoolchildren was 477 (291 from the intervention and 115 from the control school). There weren’t significant differences in the amount of money available to buy food between children of both schools. There was a significant increase in the purchase of fruit, milk, yoghurt, soft drinks and light juices, dried seeds, healthy sandwiches and non-fat ice cream (p <0.05) of school children from the intervention school. At the control school, no change in consumption was observed. The increase in the supply of affordable healthy food, including communication and marketing strategies, significantly increases the consumption of these products among school children.


Subject(s)
Animals , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Feeding Behavior , Food Preferences , Health Promotion/methods , Beverages , Chile , Choice Behavior , Fruit , Milk , School Health Services , Yogurt
20.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 60(4): 319-324, dic. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-659105

ABSTRACT

Chile tuvo una transición epidemiológica y nutricional acelerada, con aumento explosivo de factores de riesgo de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y obesidad. El cambio de dieta hacia alimentos poco saludables, con alto contenido de grasas, azúcar y sal, junto al sedentarismo, incrementaron la obesidad. Para conocer más acerca de factores de riesgo y obesidad, se efectuó la Primera Encuesta de Calidad de Vida y Salud 2000, con una segunda versión el 2006. El objetivo de esta publicación es analizar la relación de la actividad física con el consumo de frutas, verduras y lácteos, percepción de peso y estrés, de los participantes en la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida y Salud (ECVS) 2006. La ECVS 2006 se realizó en 6.210 sujetos con un 10,8% de activos y un 89,2% de sedentarios. Estos se relacionaron con las variables consumo de frutas, verduras, lácteos, autopercepción del peso y estrés, por sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Los resultados muestran que más de la mitad de los sujetos activos consumen frutas y verduras todos los días y la mitad consume leche diariamente, con más posibilidad de comer alimentos saludables que los sedentarios. Se comprobó que las personas sedentarias se perciben con más sobrepeso y obesidad que las activas. No se encontró relación entre ser activo o sedentario con estrés. A medida que mejora el nivel socioeconómico, las personas hacen más actividad física y consumen más alimentos saludables. Estos resultados permiten proponer políticas y programas focalizados en alimentación saludable y actividad física para la población chilena.


Chile had a rapid epidemiological and nutritional transition with an increase in risk factors for chronic diseases and obesity. Dietary changes have occurred, mostly an increase in consumption of foods high in fat, sugar and salt, as well as a decrease in physical activity. This has led to a marked increase in obesity rates. To learn more on these risk factors for chronic diseases, obesity and physical activity, the First Quality of Life and Health Survey (ECVS) was carried out in 2000, with a second version in 2006. The objective of this paper is to analyze, from data collected by the 2006 survey, the relationship of physical activity with the consumption of fruits, vegetables and dairy products, weight perception and stress. The 2006 survey included 6.210 subjects with a 10.8% of active population and 89.2% of sedentary people. The relationship of activity was determined with the consumption of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, weight perception and stress, by sex and socioeconomic levels. Results show that more than 50% of the active subjects consume fruits and vegetables, and 50% consume dairy products every day, with a higher probability of active persons of consuming healthy foods than the sedentary ones. Besides, sedentary people perceive themselves with more overweight and obesity than the active subjects. There was no relationship between physical activity and stress. People with a higher socioeconomic level are more active and consume more healthy products. These results permit to elaborate targeted policies and programs to improve diet and physical activity in the Chilean population.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Diet , Feeding Behavior , Motor Activity , Obesity/epidemiology , Quality of Life/psychology , Sedentary Behavior , Cross-Sectional Studies , Chile/epidemiology , Chronic Disease/epidemiology , Dairy Products , Fruit , Health Surveys , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Vegetables
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